The Cane Corso is an ancient breed who's roots date back some 2,000 years and is a cousin to the Neapolitan Mastiff that also originates from the same period of time. It's believed that the Cane Corso was developed by the Romans by breeding a Coursing "running" hound to descendants of the now extinct "Canis Pugnax" This breeding allowed the Romans to utilize a powerful yet agile war dog that was capable of running with the Roman Calvary and was capable of conducting a number of other auxiliary tasks. Over the years the Corso has been utilized in a variety of ways: property protection, gladiator, hunter and various other physically demanding jobs. In present times the Cane Corso is still being used in much the same way. Its natural protectiveness makes it an ideal guard dog and it's athletic abilities make it suited for a variety of demanding jobs. 

For a more in-depth history please visit the following links:    

http://www.canecorsoitaliano.com/storia_e.htm

http://www.canecorso.org/history.htm